Re: True/False Questions for the Abdominal Wall

Comments:
: : True/False Questions for the Abdominal Wall : : These questions were not submitted by the lecturer. : : True/False - September 1, 2011 : 1. New Yorkers are overrepresented as retirees in Florida. : Depends upon the population or subpopulation at which one is looking. In most cases, yes. : 2. The psoas major muscle covers the intervertebral foramina of the lumbar region. : T : 3. The transversalis fascia is derived from endocavital connective tissue of the peritoneal cavity. : F - from the extraperitoneal connective tissue? Or are these the same thing... : 4. The renal fascia is derived from parietal peritoneum as it reflects off the posterior surface of the kidney. : F - derived from extraperitoneal connective tissue : 5. The renal fascia intervenes between the the kidney and the suprarenal gland and does not extend to cover the superior border of the suprarenal gland. : F : 6. The inferior pole of the kidney is supported by the inferior extent of the renal fascia. : F : 7. The pararenal fat is between the capsule of the kidney and the renal fascia. : T : 8. The perirenal fat lies between the peritonealized surface of the kidney and the renal capsule. : F - the surface of the kidney is not peritonealized : 9. The pararenal fat, renal fascia, and perirenal fat are all derivatives of extraperitoneal connective tissue. : T? : 10. The posterior wall of the left kidney, but not the right kidney, is directly related to the left colic flexure. : T : 11. The posterior wall of the left kidney, but not the right kidney, is directly related to the 11th rib. : T : 12. The superior poles of the left and right kidneys extend superior to the inferior extent of the costodiaphragmatic recess. : T : 13. The left renal artery, but not the left, crosses the inferior vena cava. : ??? The left renal artery does not cross the IVC. The right renal artery does. : 14. Inferior mesenteric syndrome leads to a swollen right scrotal sac. : F - "nutcracker" syndrome, and left scrotal sac : 15. The fibrous capsule of the kidney is derived from Scarpa's fascia. : F - extraperitoneal connective tissue? : 16. The renal columns are named parts of the renal cortex. : T : 17. The renal pyramids were so named for the Greek God - Luther Henry. : F - Who was Luther Henry? The renal pyramids are also called malpighian pyramids after one of the great Italian anatomists - Marcello Malpighi. : 18. Swelling of the renal pelvis is accommodated by pararenal fascia. : F? - either renal fascia or perirenal fat, but not pararenal fascia. I'm not sure what "accomodated" means here. The renal fascia would contain the swelling, but anything in the pelvis (perirenal fat) would be shifted around by it. : 19. The medullary rays converge at a renal papilla. : T : 20. The renal papillae drain directly into the major calyces. : F - minor calices : 21. The renal pelvis is deep to the renal artery. : T : 22. The renal sinus is occupied by the renal pelvis and the pararenal fascia. : F - renal pelvis and perirenal fat : 23. The medullary rays are found in the medulla of the suprarenal gland. : F - the medulla of the renal parenchyma : 24. The right suprarenal gland, but not the left, is directly related to the inferior vena cava. : T : 25. The medial surface of the left suprarenal gland is directly related to the aorta. : F : 26. The inferior suprarenal artery of the left suprarenal gland is one of a paired artery arising from the aorta. : F : 27. The central vein of the right suprarenal gland drains into the left renal vein. : F - usually it drains right into the IVC : 28. Within the "nutcracker," the left renal vein is superior to the horizontal duodenum. : T : 29. Superior mesenteric syndrome may present with "flank" pain, nausea, and right scrotal swelling. : F - these symptoms are indicative of nutcracker syndrome, which is different from superior mesenteric syndrome, although both involve the angle between the SMA and aorta : 30. The superior and inferior anterior and posterior pancreaticoduodenal arteries anastomose along the duodenum. : T : 31. The most distal extent along the alimentary canal where inhibition of peristalsis is driven by the celiac ganglion is along the second and third part of the duodenum. : T : 32. The most distal extent along the alimentary canal where inhibition of peristalsis is driven by the superior mesenteric ganglion is along the right transverse colon. : T : 33. The most distal extent along the alimentary canal where inhibition of peristalsis is driven by the inferior mesenteric ganglion is along the proximal rectum. (True) : 34. The most distal extent along the alimentary canal where peristalsis is driven by the vagus nerve is the left colic flexure. : T : 35. The most distal extent along the alimentary canal where lymphatic drainage is to the celiac nodes is along the second and third part of the duodenum. : T : 36. The most distal extent along the alimentary canal where lymphatic drainage is to the superior mesenteric nodes is along the right transverse colon. : T : 37. The most distal extent along the alimentary canal where lymphatic drainage is to the inferior mesenteric nodes is along the proximal rectum. (True) : (I am woefully befuddled on the autonomic nervous supply of the abdomen. The next dozen or so answers may be somewhat amusing.) : 38. The celiac autonomic plexus carries preganglionic sympathetic fibers and postganglionic vagal fibers. : F? - preganglionic vagal fibers? : 39. The superior mesenteric autonomic plexus conveys postganglionic sympathetic fibers and postganglionic parasympathetic fibers. : F - preganglionic sympathetic fibers? : 40. The celiac ganglion hosts postganglionic parasympathetic cell bodies and passes preganglionic sympathetic fibers. : F - hosts postganglionic sympathetic cell bodies and passes preganglionic parasympathetic fibers : 41. The lumbar splanchnic nerves convey postganglionic sympathetic fibers to the aortic plexus and to the inferior mesenteric ganglion. : F - preganglionic : 42. Key locations for testing your knowledge of blood supply, lymph supply, and autonomic supply are: the duodenal cap, ascending duodenum, left colic flexure, and the right colic flexure (non-exhaustive). : 43. Primary lymphatic drainage from the superior pole of the testis is to upper lumber nodes. : T : 44. Primary lymphatic drainage from the inferior pole of the testis is to internal iliac nodes. : T : 45. Primary lymphatic drainage from the anterior scrotum is to superficial inguinal nodes. : T : 46. Primary lymphatic drainage from the uncinate process of the pancreas is to celiac nodes. : F - superior mesenteric (www.joplink.net/prev/201103/16.html), but I'm not sure what Gray's says. : 47. Primary lymphatic drainage from the inferior left head (non-uncinate) is to the superior mesenteric nodes. : F - celiac (same source as before) : 48. The primary lymphatic drainage from the left colic flexure is to the inferior mesenteric nodes. : T : 49. The primary parasympathetic supply to the left colic flexure is from the vagus nerve. : Hollinshead says true, along with some input from pelvic parasympathetic innervation (since it's a watershed region). Can someone who has Gray's confirm/refute this? : 50. The primary parasympathetic supply to the left colic flexure is by the sacral component of the craniosacral division of the autonomic nervous system. : See #49. Now I have no idea. : 51. The inferior mesenteric plexus of autonomic fibers conveys postganglionic fibers from the inferior mesenteric ganglia and preganglionic fibers from the vagus nerve. : F - preganglionic fibers from the pelvic splanchnic nerves. : 52. Visceral afferent fibers, by definition, are not part of the autonomic nervous system. : T - according to printed class notes. : 53. High threshold (non-homeostatic) visceral receptors send information along sympathetic pathways. : 54. Low threshold (homeostatic) visceral receptors send afferent information along parasympathetic pathways. : See #52. I thought the sympathetic/parasympathetic pathways composed the autonomic nervous system, defined in class as solely a motor system. Therefore visceral afferent receptors couldn't be included in it... : Otherwise I'd guess True for both. : 55. Referred pain reflects the activities of high-threshold ("pain") visceral receptors. : T : 56. Visceral "pain" from the superior pole of the testis or ovary may refer along the T10 dermatome. True. : 57. Visceral "pain" from the kidney may refer along the T12 dermatome. : T - Hollinshead says T10-L1. Does Gray's differ? : 58. Preganglionic sympathetic cell bodies that enter the aorticorenal ganglion are from the intermediolateral cell column of the T12 cord level. : ?? - I'm not sure I understand the question as written. Preganglionic sympathetic fibers that enter the aorticorenal ganglion are from cell bodies in the IMLCC of the T12 cord level. : 59. Postganglionic sympathetic cell bodies from the superior mesenteric ganglion contribute fibers to the testicular autonomic plexus of the testicular arteries. : T? : 60. Visceral pain from the duodenal cap may refer to the T9 dermatome. : T : 61. Visceral pain from the ascending duodenum may refer to the T10 dermatome. : T : 62. Visceral pain from the right colic flexure may refer to the T11 dermatome. : T - through superier mesenteric plexus assoc w/ lesser splanchnic nerve? : 63. Visceral pain from the left colic flexure may refer to the L1 dermatome. : T - through association with lumbar splanchnic nerve pathways? : 64. Most all of the previous questions can be answered based on your knowledge of the vascular anastomoses between the foregut, midgut, and hindgut. : On my knowledge? Yes. They could be answered. With correct answers, not so much...

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