Re: Questions for the Introduction to Thorax

Comments:
: : True/False - August 16, 2011 : : 1. The lactiferous ducts are a specialization of cutis retinacula. : : False葉he lactiferous ducts are derived from sweat glands : Agree. : : Cutis retinacula, or suspensory ligaments, are developed from connective tissue stroma : : 2. The anterior thoracic artery is applied to the posterior surface of the brachiocephalic vein. : : True : Agree. : : 3. The first rib and the clavicle both articulate with the xiphoid process. : : False葉he xiphoid process is located at the bottom of the sternum away from both the first rib and the clavicle : Agree. : : 4. The jugular notch defines, in part, the thoracic outlet. : : False : Agree. : : 5. The body of the sternum, on an A/P projection, is superimposed on the the apex of the heart. : : False預pex is on the bottom left side : Agree. : : 6. The jugular notch is at the A/P projection to T4. : : False祐ternal angle (angle of louie) is at the level of T4 : Agree. : : 7. The costal margin consists of cartilage that articulates with the distal ends of rib 7-10. : : True : Agree. : : 8. The most inferior extent of the costal margin is at the same S/I level as the third lumbar vertebra. : : True : Agree. : : 9. The fiber direction of the external intercostal membrane is from superior/lateral to inferior/medial. : : True : Agree. : : 10. The fiber direction of the internal intercostal muscle at the chondral cartilages is superior/medial to inferior/lateral. : : True : Agree. : : 11. The deep surface of the innermost intercostal muscles are lined by endothoracic fascia. : : True : Agree. : : 12. Despite blockage of the aorta at the ligamentum arteriosum (coarctation), blood continues to flow in the descending aorta. : : True葉hrough the internal thoracic artery and internal intercostal artery (like running a city water supply through a garden hose) : Agree. Accommodation and rib erosion occurs as the garden hose increases capacity. : : 13. Posterior intercostal arteries arise from the internal intercostal artery. : : False用osterior intercostal arteries arise from the aorta : Agree. : : 14. Anterior intercostal arteries arise from the ascending aorta. : : False葉hey arise from the internal thoracic artery : Agree. : : 15. The collateral circulation of the thoracic wall defines an arterial shunt across the thoracic descending aorta. : : True : Agree. : : 16. The hilum of the lung is a point of invagination "into" the pleural cavity. : : True : Agree. Quotes because the lungs are not in the pleural cavity. : : 17. The lung is located in the thoracic cavity, but not in the pleural cavity. : : True葉he pleural cavity is the space between the parietal layer and the visceral pleura, the lungs are not in it : Agree. : : 18. Endothoracic fascia provides adherence of the diaphragmatic parietal pleura to the suprapleural membrane. : : False葉hey are at anterior and inferior ends of the lungs : Agree. Suprapleural membrane is associated with costoparietal pleura. : : 19. The mesothelial layer of parietal pleura faces into the pleural cavity. : : True : Agree. : : 20. The visceral layer of pleura has a mesothelial layer, but not a fibrous layer. : : True : Agree. : : 21. A pneumothorax happens when the endothoracic fails to secure the visceral pleura to the thoracic wall. : : False熔ccurs when air is introduced into the pleural cavity : Agree. Plus visceral pleura is not adhered by endothoracic fascia. : : 22. The parietal pleura becomes redundant at the costodiaphragmatic recess. : : False葉hese recesses are important in changing lung volume when breathing : True. The costoparietal pleura reflects on the the diaphragm to become diaphragmatic parietal pleura. This reflection defines the inferior extent of the costodiaphragmatic recess. Costoparietal pleura and diaphragmatic pleura are opposed at this location. They are said to constitute a redundancy of parietal pleura. The recess is clinically useful for a pleural tap. : : 23. The subcostal muscles define, in part, the inner (deep) surface of the neurovascular plane for the intercostal vessels and nerves. : : True葉he neurovascular bundles associated with the intercostal spaces pass around the thoracic wall in the costal grooves in a plane between the intercostal muscles and the subcostales : Agree. Know the specifics of the neurovascular plane at the midaxillary line and at the midclavicular line. : : 24. The posterior intercostal veins drain directly into the inferior vena cava. : : False葉he posterior intercostal veins drain directly into the azygous vein : Agree. : : 25. The subcostal muscles, innermost intercostal muscles, and transversus thoracis muscles define the deep wall of the neurovascular plane. : : True : Agree. : : 26. The internal intercostal muscle defines the superficial wall of the neurovascular plane. : : True : Agree. : : 27. False ribs connect directly to the xiphoid process.. : : False葉hey connect to the xiphoid process through the costal margin, which connects above the xiphoid process : Agree. "Above" equals superior in this case. : : 28. Costochondral joints are syndesmoses and sternochondral joints are synovial. : : False : Agree. Know that sternochondral joints except for rib 1 are synovial. Costochondral joints are a synchondrosis (fibrocartilaginous) joint. : : 29. Intervening between the left and right pleural cavities is the mediastinum. : : True : Agree. : : 30. The costomediastinal recess defines a location where paracentesis (access to the pericardial sac with a hypodermic needle) avoids puncturing the pleural cavity. : : False用aracentesis is ususally performed on the costodiaphragmatic recess : Agree on False; but I meant to write "pericardiocentesis" rather than paracentesis. Pericardiocentesis is performed between the leaflets of the sternopericardial ligament and thereby avoids the pleural cavity. : : 31. The A/P projection from the sternal angle to the L4 vertebra defines the inferior boundary of the superior mediastinum. : : False : Agree. Certainly not L4. : : 32. A projection from the sternal angle to the T1 vertebra defines the superior boundary of the superior mediastinum. : : True : Agree.

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