r11 - 28 Sep 2011 - 06:37:12 - LorenEveyYou are here: TWiki >  Main Web > HeadNeckLectures > CranialNervesReduxLaboratoryIdentifications

Laboratory Identifications: A Study Guide for the Cranial Nerve Handout with the Skull in Hand

Show the table of contents...Hide

Olfactory Nerve (CN1)

  • Functional component(s)
  • Cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone
    • Anterior cranial fossa to nasal cavity
  • Crista galea
    • Falx cerebri
  • Foramen cecum
    • Anterior cranial fossa to nasal cavity, superior sagittal sinus
  • Ethmoidal air cells
    • Anterior ethmoidal nerve
  • Frontal air sinus

Optic Nerve (CN2)

  • Functional component(s)
  • Optic canal
  • Lesser wing of the sphenoid bone
  • Chiasmatic groove
  • Anterior lip of chiasmatic groove
    • Boundary between and anterior and middle cranial fossa
  • Anterior clinoid process
    • Diaphragma sellae
    • Internal carotid artery
  • Sella turcica
    • Tuberculum sellae
    • Hypophyseal fossa
    • Dorsum sellae
  • Ophthalmic artery
  • Central artery of the retina
  • Nasocillary nerve
  • Annulus tendineus

Oculomotor Nerve (CN3)

  • Functional component(s)
  • Superior orbital fissure
  • Lesser wing of the sphenoid bone
  • Greater wing of the sphenoid bone
  • Cavernous sinus
  • Carotid siphon
  • Superior division
  • Inferior division
  • Ciliary ganglion
  • Annulus tendineus

Trochlear Nerve (CN4)

  • Functional component(s)
  • Superior orbital fissure
  • Cavernous sinus
  • Annulus tendineus
  • Ethmoidal air cells

Trigeminal Nerve (CN5) - Ophthalmic Division

  • Functional component(s)
  • Superior orbital fissure
  • Annulus tendineus
  • Lacrimal nerve - functional component proximal and distal, distribution
    • Parasympathetic communicating branch
  • Frontal nerve - medial and lateral branches,
    • Supraorbital nerve, distribution
    • Supratrochlear nerve, distribution
  • Supratrochlear nerve - relationship the the trochlea, distribution
  • Nasociliary nerve - relationship to optic nerve, distribution
    • Sensory root of ciliary ganglion, elaborates branches of short ciliary nerves
    • Long ciliary nerves - GSA cornea
    • Short ciliary nerves - Native and non-native functional components, distribution
    • Posterior ethmoidal nerve - distribution to posterior ethmoidal air cells and sphenoid sinus
    • Anterior ethmoidal nerve - distribution and pathways leading to the bridge of the nose
    • Infratrochlear nerve - relationship to the trochlea, distribution
  • Anterior and posterior ethmoidal foramina

Trigeminal Nerve (CN5) - Maxillary Division

  • Functional component(s)
  • Foramen Rotundum - middle cranial fossa to pterygopalatine fossa
    • Transmits maxillary nerve
  • Pterygoid Canal - middle cranial fossa to pterygopalatine fossa
    • Transmits the nerve of the pterygoid canal (Vidian nerve)
    • Anterior lip of the lacerate foramen
    • Carotid groove
    • Sphenoid air sinus
  • Nerve of the pterygoid canal - functional components and parent nerves, distribution
    • Hiatus of the canal for the greater superficial petrosal nerve
    • Groove for the greater superficial petrosal nerve (VII)
    • Intracranial opening of the carotid canal at the lacerate foramen
    • Internal carotid plexus
    • Deep petrosal nerve
    • Apex of the petrous portion of the temporal bone
  • Pharyngeal Canal - pterygopalatine fossa to nasopharynx
    • Transmits pharyngeal nerve to nasopharynx, native and non-native functional components, distribution
    • Ala of the vomer
    • Vaginal process of medial pterygoid plate
    • Perpendicular plate of the palatine bone
    • Palatovaginal canal (pharyngeal canal)
  • Lesser palatine canal - pterygopalatine fossa to oral cavity
    • Transmits lesser palatine nerve to soft palate, native and non-native functional components, distribution
    • Medial pterygoid plate
    • Hamulus - tensor veli palatini
    • Perpendicular plate of the palatine bone
  • Greater palatine canal - pterygopalatine fossa to oral cavity
    • Transmits greater palatine nerve to hard palate, native and non-native functional components, distribution
    • Sphenopalatine foramen - why so named?
  • Sphenopalatine foramen - pterygopalatine fossa to nasal cavity
    • Transmits lateral posterior nasal nerves and nasopalatine nerve to nasal cavity, native and non-native functional components, distribution
    • Superior, middle, and inferior nasal chonchae (turbinates when covered with erectile tissue)
    • Superior, middle, and inferior nasal meatae and associated drainages
    • Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone
    • Vomer
    • Uncinate process, ethmoidal bulla, infundibulum, and hiatus semilunaris
    • Sphenoethmoidal recess - drainage of sphenoid sinus, posterior air cells
  • Inferior orbital fissure - pterygopalatine fossa to orbit
    • Greater wing of the sphenoid bone and the maxilla
    • Transmits maxillary nerve and zygomatic nerve to the orbit
    • Infraorbital nerve - native and non-native functional components, distribution
    • Zygomatic nerve - native and non-native functional components
    • Zygomaticofacial nerve - native and non-native functional components, distribution
    • Zygomaticotemporal nerve - native and non-native functional components, distribution
    • Canals for the zygomaticotemporal and zygomaticofacial nerves
    • Lacrimal nerve (from ophthalmic division of trigeminal) - native and non-native functional components, distribution
    • Infraorbital groove, infraorbital canal, and infraorbital foramen
    • Middle superior alveolar nerve, native and non-native functional components, distribution
    • Anterior superior alveolar nerve, native and non-native functional components, distribution
  • Pterygomaxillary fissure - pterygopalatine fossa to infratemporal fossa
    • Anterior border of the lateral pterygoid plate and posterior border of maxilla
    • Transmits posterior superior alveolar nerve, native and non-native functional components, distribution
    • Transmits terminal branches of maxillary artery

Trigeminal Nerve (CN5) - Mandibular Division

  • Functional component(s)
  • Foramen ovale - transmits mandibular nerve from middle cranial fossa to infratemporal fossa
  • Auriculotemporal nerve
    • Functional components - native and non-native
    • Otic ganglion
    • Postganglionic parasympathetic and sympathetic non-native components
    • Foramen spinosum and middle meningeal artery
    • Splits around middle meningeal artery
    • Posterior to mandibular fossa
    • Anterior to external auditory meatus
    • Infratemporal fossa to parotid region to temporal fossa
    • Communicating branch
    • Stylomastoid foramen and facial nerve
  • Deep temporal nerves
    • Functional components
    • Infratemporal crest
    • Zygomatic arch
    • Temporal fossa
  • Inferior alveolar nerve
    • Functional components
    • Lingula
      • Sphenomandibular ligament
    • Mandibular foramen
    • Inferior alveolar processes
    • Mental foramen
      • Mental nerve - distribution
    • Tensor tympani nerve - functional component and function
      • Bony auditory tube
      • Tegmen tympani
    • Masseteric nerve
      • Functional component
      • Mandibular notch
    • Nerve to mylohyoid
      • Mylohyoid groove
      • Mylohyoid muscle - origin and insertion
      • Mylohyoid line
      • Anterior and posterior belly of digastric - origin and insertion
      • Digastric fossa
      • Digastric groove
    • Tensor veli palatini - origin and insertion
      • Scaphoid fossa
      • Hamulus of medial pterygoid plate
      • Midline raphe
  • Lingual nerve
    • Functional components - native and non-native
    • Lateral pterygoid muscle - origin and insertions
    • Medial pterygoid muscle - origin and insertion
    • Pterygomandibular raphe
      • Superior constrictor
      • Buccinator
    • Chorda tympani
      • Petrotympanic fissure
    • Occlusion plane
  • Buccal nerve
    • Functional component
    • Pterygomandibular raphe
    • Masseter - origin and insertion

Abducens Nerve (CN6)

  • Functional component(s)
  • Annulus tendineus
  • Superior orbital fissure transmits abducens from the middle cranial fossa to the orbit
  • Cavernous sinus - vulnerable to injury by infection
  • Lateral rectus
    • Two heads of origin span greater and lesser wings of sphenoid bone, transmit abducens nerve
    • Ciliary ganglion
    • abducens nerve on internal surface
    • Lacrimal nerve external and superior

Facial Nerve (CN7)

  • Functional component(s)
  • Internal auditory meatus
    • Transmits facial nerve from posterior cranial fossa into the petrous temporal bone and proximal facial canal
  • Genu of the facial canal - Wait for temporal bone demonstration
    • Geniculate ganglion
    • Greater superficial petrosal nerve - functional components
  • Hiatus of the canal for the greater superficial petrosal nerve
    • Transmits greater superficial nerve from the facial canal to the middle cranial fossa
  • Groove for the greater superficial petrosal nerve
    • Guides the greater superficial petrosal nerve toward the lacerate foramen
    • Opening of the carotid canal into the middle cranial fossa
    • Apex of the petrous portion of the temporal bone
    • Clivus
    • Superior petrosal sinus
    • Inferior petrosal sinus
    • Basilar venous plexus
    • Emissary vein between cavernous sinus and pterygoid venous plexus
    • Trigeminal cave
    • Trigeminal ganglion
    • Dorsum sellae
    • Internal carotid plexus
    • Deep petrosal nerve
    • Posterior boundary of the cavernous sinus
    • Carotid siphon
    • Posterior opening of the pterygoid canal into the region of the lacerate foramen at the anterior lip of the lacerate foramen
  • Stapedial nerve in the middle ear - wait for temporal bone dissection demonstration
  • Petrotympanic fissure
    • Transmits chorda tympani nerve from the middle ear to the infratemporal fossa
    • Functional components of chorda tympani - joins lingual nerve within infratemporal fossa
    • Petrous part of temporal bone
    • Tympanic cavity
    • Mandibular fossa
    • Mandibular condyle - appreciate relationship of the petrotympanic fissure to the temporomandibular joint
    • Inferior alveolar processes - appreciate relationship of lingual nerve to the submandibular duct
  • Stylomastoid foramen
    • Transmits the facial nerve from the distal facial canal to the parotid region
    • Digastric groove - posterior belly digastric muscle
    • Styloid process - stylohyoid (CN7), styloglossus (CN12), and stylopharyngeus muscles (CN9)

Vestibulocochlear Nerve (CN8)

  • Functional component(s)
  • Internal auditory meatus
    • Transmits vestibulocochlear nerve from posterior cranial fossa into the petrous temporal bone
  • Superior, middle, and inferior semicircular canals (wait for temporal bone demonstration)
  • Bony labyrinth
  • Spiral ganglion
  • Vestibular ganglion
  • Mastoid air cells - Wait for temporal bone demonstration
    • Sigmoid sinus
    • Aditus
    • Middle ear
    • Auditory tube
    • Nasopharynx
  • Ossicles of the middle ear - Wait for temporal bone demonstration
    • Tympanic membrane
    • Chorda tympani nerve
    • Oval window
    • Round window
    • Malleus
    • Incus
    • Stapes

Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN9)

  • Functional component(s)
  • Jugular foramen
  • Tympanic canaliculus
    • Recurrent tympanic nerve
  • Tegmen tympani
    • Tympanic plexus - functional components
  • Hiatus of the canal for the lesser superficial petrosal nerve
    • Lesser superficial petrosal nerve - functional components
  • Groove for the lesser superficial nerve
    • Observe the groove heading toward either foramen ovale or toward foramen spinosum
  • Foramen ovale (or spinosum)
    • Transmits lesser superficial nerve from the tympanic cavity to the infratemporal fossa

Vagus Nerve (CN10)

  • Functional component(s)
  • Jugular foramen
    • Transmits vagus nerve from posterior cranial fossa to the base of the skull
  • Mastoid canaliculus
    • Transmits GSA of auricular branch of vagus
      • Jugular ganglion (superior vagal ganglion) supports GSA cell bodies

Accessory Nerve (CN11)

  • Functional component(s)
    • For our purposes we are treating trapezius and sternocleidomastoid as SVE innervated despite the writings of some authors who suggest otherwise.
  • Jugular foramen
    • Transmits the accessory nerve from posterior cranial fossa to the base of the skull

Hypoglossal Nerve (CN12)

  • Functional component(s)
  • Hypoglossal Canal
    • Transmits hypoglossal nerve from posterior cranial fossa to the base of the skull
    • Transverse to occipital condyle
  • Condylar canal - emissary vein
    • Longitudinal to occipital condyle

arrowbupTop


Edit | WYSIWYG | Attach | Printable | Raw View | Backlinks: Web, All Webs | History: r11 < r10 < r9 < r8 < r7 | More topic actions
Main.CranialNervesReduxLaboratoryIdentifications moved from Main.NervesReduxLaboratoryIdentifications on 21 Oct 2006 - 18:07 by LorenEvey - put it back

tip TWiki Tip of the Day
The Go Box as a browser
The Go Box as a browser The go box (also called jump box) is not only a tool to allow you to jump from page to page, you can use the Go Box to search for documents ... Read on Read more

 
Powered by TWiki
This site is powered by the TWiki collaboration platformCopyright © by the contributing authors. All material on this collaboration platform is the property of the contributing authors.
Ideas, requests, problems regarding TWiki? Send feedback