Note: This is an outline of topics to be covered. It is not the "answer key." It is an answer guide.
Scapular Region
Review the anatomy of the scapular region. Include bones, muscles, movements, vascularization, innervation, relationships, and lymphatic drainage. (12 pts).
General Comments
The scapula is a highly movable structure that makes up the bulk of the pectoral girdle.
Abduction from approximately 90 degrees to 180 degrees is largely accounted for by scapular movement (upward rotation).
A rich anastomotic network centered in the infraspinous fossa provides an arterial shunt across much of the axillary artery.
The scapula hosts the proximal component of the glenohumeral joint.
Positioning of the upper limb is largely dependent upon the anatomy of the scapular region
Bones, Muscles and Movements
Medial border *Rhomboideus minor
Rhomboideus major
Serratus anterior
Superior Angle
levator scapulae
Inferior Angle
Serratus anterior
Lateral border
Teres major
Supraspinous fossa
Supraspinatous
Infraspinous fossa
Infraspinatous
Teres minor
Spine of the scapula
Upper fibers of trapezius
Lower fibers of trapezius
Acromion
Trapezius
Deltoid
Coracoacromial ligament and arch
Subscapular fossa
Subscapularis
Corocoid Process
Pectoralis minor
Coracobrachialis
Short head of biceps
Glenoid fossa
Proximal articulation for glenohumeral joint
Supraglenoid tubercle
Long head biceps
Infraglenoid tubercle
Long head triceps
Vascularization and Scapular anastomosis
Transverse cervical artery
Suprascapular artery
Dorsal scapular artery
Posterior intercostal arteries
Circumflex scapular artery
Innervation
Suprascapular nerve
Accessory nerve
Axillary nerve
Dorsal scapular nerve
Medial and Lateral pectoral nerves
Upper, middle, and lower subscapular nerves
Musculocutaneous nerve
Long thoracic nerve - winging
Relationships
Superior transverse scapular ligament and scapular notch
Suprascapular nerve passes through osseofibrous foramen
Suprascapular artery passes superior to the superior transverse scapular ligament
Circumflex scapular artery in the triangular space
Posterior cord anterior to subscapularis
Subscapular fossa is part of posterior wall of axilla
Coracoacromial arch is superior support for glenohumeral joint
Review the anatomy of the spinal canal. Include boundaries, bones, articulations, ligaments, spaces, contents, vascularization, relationships, and lymphatic drainage. (12 pts)
General Comment
Osseofibrous canal protecting the spinal cord
Boundaries
Vertebral foramen
Anterior - posterior longitudinal ligament, vertebral body
Posterior - lamina
lateral right and left - pedicle
Intervertebral region
Anterior - intervertebral disk
Posterior - ligamentum flavum
Lateral right and left - intervertebral foramen, zygop
Review the anatomy of the extensor region of the forearm and the dorsum of the hand. Include bones, articulations, ligaments, spaces, contents, muscles, movements, independence of movement, limitations of movement, vascularization, innervation, relationships, and lymphatic drainage. (12 pts)
General Comment
The extensors of the wrist and digits arise from a common extensor tendon at the posterior aspect of the lateral epicondyle
Weak extension at the elbow
Included is an abductor of the thumb an two extensors that operate independently at their insertion
Anatomical "snuffbox"
Bones
Humerus
Ulnar
Radius
Scaphoid
Lunate
Articulations
Proximal radioulnar joint
Distal radioulanr joint
Radiocarpal joint
Articular disc (between ulna and triquetrum)
Ligaments and Limitation of Movements
Radial collateral ligament of wrist
Ulnar collateral ligament of wrist
Annular ligament
Interosseous membrane
Extensor retinaculum
Spaces and Contents
Gap between superior free edge of interosseous membrane and oblique cord